Supreme Court

Miscellaneous Orders


In re Amendment to Article IV, Rule 3 of the Supreme Court Rules (Mandatory Continuing Legal Education) (August 19, 2011)

In re Amendment to Article II, Rule 1 of the Supreme Court Rules (Admission of Attorneys and Others to Practice Law) (August 17, 2011)

In re Amendment to Article II, Article I of the Supreme Court Rules (Admission of Attorneys and Others to Practice Law) (June 10, 2011)

In re Amendment to Article IV, Rule 3 of the Supreme Court Rules (Mandatory Continuing Legal Education) (June 10, 2011)

In re Amendments to Mandatory Continuing Legal Education Regulations
(June 10, 2011)

In re Amendment to Article II, Rule 2(e) of the Rules of the Supreme Court (Attorney admitted in other states) (April 21, 2011)

In re Amendment to Article IV, Rule 1 of the Supreme Court Rules (Periodic Registration of Attorneys) (March 4, 2009)

In re Commission on Judicial Tenure and Discipline (February 9, 2009)

In re Committee on Character and Fitness (February 9, 2009)

William Felkner v. Chariho School Committee, No. 09-23 (February 6, 2009)

Re: Amendments to Article V, Rule 1.15 of the Rules of Professional Conduct, Paragraphs (f), (g) and (h), (IOLTA) December 11, 2008)

Retired Justice Trial Act (November 25, 2008)

Proposed Provisional Rule B Governing Implementation of the Retired Justice Trial Act (§8-17-1) (November 20, 2008)

In re Unauthorized Practice of Law Committee (Member Appointments) (October 24, 2008)

In re Rhode Island Bar Foundation and Rhode Island Bar Association (Proposed changes to Rule 1.15 of the Rules of Professional Conduct), No. 08-227 (October 10, 2008)

In re Rhode Island Bar Foundation and Rhode island Bar Association Proposed changes to Rule of Professional Conduct 1.15, No. 08-227

Order - In re: Unauthorized Practice of Law Committee (Rule Amendment) ( August 21, 2008)

Order - In re: Unauthorized Practice of Law Committee (Approval of Rules) ( June 19, 2008)

In re Proposed Amendments to and Addition to Mandatory Continuing Legal Education Rules

Proposed MCLE Regulations Changes

In re Article II, Rule 9(c)(3) of the Rules of the Supreme Court (Senior Law Student defined)

Order—In re Amendment to Article IV, Rule 3.2 of the Supreme Court Rules (April 30, 2007).

Order - In re Amendments to Article II, Rule 3 of the Supreme Court Rules (Revised bar application/Committee on Character and Fitness, April 18, 2007)

Order - In re Revised Application for Admission to the Rhode Island Bar (April 18, 2007)

Order – In re Amendments to Superior Court Rule of Criminal Procedure 24 (January 18, 2007)

In re: Rules of Professional Conduct - effective April 15, 2007

Lynore Horn v. Southern Union Company, No. 06-217
Amended Order regarding a certified question (September 20, 2006)

In re Proposed Rhode Island Rules of Professional Conduct with Proposed Comments (September 13, 2006)

Order regarding final amendments to Superior Court Rules of Civil Procedure

Order regarding proposed amendments to Superior Court Rules of Procedure

Order relating to Proposed Rhode Island Rules of Professional Conduct

Rules Committee's Memorandum of Transmittal of Proposed Rules

In re Amendment to Article II, Rule 4 of the Supreme Court Rules (Bar Examination Fees) (December 29, 2005).

Supreme Court Rules of Appellate Procedure - In re Amendment to Provisional Rule A, Mediation Session Procedures (Sanctions)

In re Relaxation of Rules for Admission Pro Hac Vice and for Admission to Practice of Law for Lawyers Displaced by Hurricane Katrina (October 27, 2005)

In re Amendments to Article I Rules 12A and 13 (September 26, 2005)

In re Board of Bar Examiners (Rule Regarding Content and Grading of Bar Exams)(May 28, 2008)

In re Amendment to Article IV, Rule 1(e), of the Supreme Court Rules(Attorney Reinstatement Procedure)

In re Amendment to Article II, Rule 2 (Limited Admission of Law School Faculty)

In re Amendment to Rules of Appellate Procedure [Rule 16(f)]

Creighton Corbin v. Apogee USA, Inc., No. 01-473 (February 21, 2002)

John Candido v. University of Rhode Island, et al, No. 01-336 (February 21, 2002)

Fleet National Bank, et al v. Michelle McKinnon, No. 01-352 (February 21, 2002)

Paula Jett, as parent and natural guardian of Johnnie Bussey, III, and as Administratrix of the Estate of Johnnie Andrew Bussey, Jr., No. 01-285 (February 21, 2002)

Louise A. Desquenne v. David R. Guilbault, No. 02-84 (February 21, 2002)

Renaissance Development Corporation v. Zoning Board of Review of the City of Cranston, et al, No. 01-373 (February 21, 2002)

State of Rhode Island v. Wayne Green, No. 01-589 (February 21, 20002)

In re Report of Ad Hoc Committee to Review Article II, Rule 9 on Pro Hac Vice Admissions

Weybosset Hill Investments, LLC v. Thomas Rossi, in his capacity as Tax Assesor of the City of Providence, No. 01-510 (January 17, 2002)

Granoff Realty II Limited Partnership v. Thomas Rossi, in his capacity as Tax Assessor of the City of Providence, No. 01-509 (January 17, 2002)

James N. Creel v. E.F. O'Donnell & Sons Co., No. 00-209 (January 17, 2002)

Joseph L. Rowey, et al v. Children's Friend and Service, et al, No. 01-642 (January 11, 2002)

Sally J. Potter v. Interstate Hotels Corporation, No. 01-205 (January 11, 2002)

John E. Lanni, Jr., et al v. Robert Lanni, No. 01-198 (January 11, 2002)

Richard R. Dolinak and Kathleen B. McDonnell v. Wakefield Professional Center, et al, No. 01-247 (January 11, 2002)

William A. Wass v. City of Providence, No. 01-98 (January 11, 2002)

Robert McLaughlin v. Algan, Inc., No. 01-179 (December 18, 2001)

Michael S. Sepe v. Zoning Board of Review of the Town of Scituate, No. 00-451 (December 18, 2001)

State of Rhode Island Ex Rel. Town of East Greenwich v. Karim Menebhi, No. 01-244 (December 18, 2001) 

Thomas Schumpert and Marilyn McConaghy, in their capacities as former and current Directors of the Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation v. Crown Collission Center, Inc., No. 00-505 (December 18, 2001)

State of Rhode Island v. Thomas Valenti and Joseph Valenti, No. 99-41 (November 30, 2002)

Lawrence A. Morra v. Rhode Island Traffic Tribunal, No. 01-319 (November 30, 2002)

  1. Aloisio Enterprises, Inc. d/b/a Club Confetti v. The Department of Business Regulation, et al, No. 01-378 (November 30, 2002)

Marilyn A. Brown, et al v. James F. Brookshire, et al, No. 01-410 (November 30, 2002)

Order - Proposed Amendements to Superior Court Rules of Criminal Procedure 

State of Rhode Island, by and through Sheldon Whitehouse, Attorney General v. Lead Industries Association, Inc., et al, No. 01-218 (October 26, 2001)

Albert Gaffney v. Hayman Brickle & Son, No. 01-162 (October 26, 2001)

City of Pawtucket v. Robert Hazard, No. 01-67 (October 18, 2001)

Domenic Minervino v. Rizzo Ford, No. 01-50 (October 18, 2001)

Laurie Andre v. Stephen Potter, Sr., No. 00-516 (October 18, 2001)

Magdy "Omar" Bader d/b/a Olneyville Discount Furniture v. Sanjay Tandon, No. 01-276 (October 18, 2001)

James and Rosemary Whalen, as Natural Guardians and Next Friends of Danielle Whalen v. Jean Angell, et al, No. 01-252 (October 18, 2001)

North Smithfield School Committee v. The North Smithfield Teachers' Association, et al, No. 01-168 (September 19, 2001)

Oscar Swanson v. Exeter Zoning Board of Review, et al, No. 01-38 (September 19, 2001)

Tyler V. Chavers, et al v. Fleet Bank (RI), N.A., et al, No. 01-186 (September 19, 2001)

Keystone Elevator Company, Inc. v. Johnson & Wales University and Agostini Construction Company, Inc., No. 01-380 (September 14, 2001)

Brent Bentsen v. Sikkens, A Division of Akzo Nobel Coatings, Inc. and Carparts, Inc., No. 01-270 (September 14, 2001)

John D. Brown v. McLaughlin & Moran, Inc., No. 00-502 (September 14, 2001)

Manual DaCruz v. American Insulated Wire, No. 01-171 (September 14, 2001)

Kathleen Meringolo and Richard Meringolo, Individually and on behalf of Kathie Meringolo and Kara Meringola v. Louis A. Colavecchio, M.D., et al, No. 01-153 (September 14, 2001)

Richard A. Nelson, d/b/a The Red Unicorn v. Martin Meyers and Joan Meyers, No. 01-214 (June 19, 2001)

Dionisio Vargas v. Corbro Manufacturing Company, No. 00-208 (June 18, 2001)

Lester Hoffman and Anne L. Mishley v. Berkeley Manor d/b/a Newport Green Associates, No. 01-207 (June 18, 2001)

P.J. C. Realty Inc., d/b/a Brooks Pharmacy v. John J. Barry III, et al, No. 00-312 (June 18, 2001)


Katherine Castellone and Nicholas Castellone v. Khodarahm Khodarahmi, MD, et al, No. 01-71 (June 18, 2001)

Joseph F. Denellio v. St. Joseph Hospital, No. 00-503 (Entered June 18, 2001)

Mary Lee Weaver, Individually and P.P.A. Philip Weaver v. Beverly Myers, M.D., et al, No. 01-72 (Entered March 30, 2001)

Richard J. Sadler v. Gary L. Grande, alias Gary Grande alias John Doe, et al, No. 01-73 (Entered March 30, 2001)

State of Rhode Island v. Steven A. Parkhurst, No. 01-24 (Entered March 30, 2001)

William T. Thurber v. Retirement Board of the Employees Retirement System of te City of Providence, No. 00-397 (Entered February 1, 2001)

Jason Polofsky v. Caroline Demers, No. 00-506 (Entered February 1, 2001)

Lynn MacKenzie v. Hartley Tours/Great Age Corp. and Hartley Systems, Inc., No. 00-304 (Entered February 1, 2001)

Hometown Properties, Inc., et al v. Nancy Hsu Fleming, No. 00-507 (Entered February 1, 2001)

City of Central Falls v. Local 1485, International Association of Firefighters AFL-CIO, No. 00-376 ( Entered February 1, 2001)

State v. John Pacheco, No. 00-6 (Entered January 18, 2001)

Dora Noury-Keating v. State of Rhode Island, No. 00-384 (Entered January 18, 2001)

Nancy (Guitard) Larue v. Paul R. Guitard, No. 00-523 (Entered Janaury 18, 2001)

State of Rhode Island v. Keith Wener, No. 94-745 (Entered January 18, 2001)

State v. Robert M. Chiellini, No. 98-409 (Entered January 18, 2001)

State v. Carl Crocker, No. 98-334 (Entered January 18, 2001)

City of Providence v. Constantine Favasole, No. 97-348 (Entered January 18, 2001) 

Fernandinho Gomes v. Mossberg Industries, Inc., No. 98-580 (Entered January 18, 2001)

State v. Edmond J. Brown, No. 99-428 (Entered January 18, 2001)

Diane S. Cronan v. John J. Cronan, No. 99-378 (Entered January 18, 2001)

Bechtel Corporation v. Leonard Ponte, No. 99-188 (Entered January 18, 2001)

George Saber v. Dan Angelone Chevrolet, Inc., No. 00-361 (Entered Janaury 18, 2001)


Listed Below are miscellaneous opinions entered between September 9, 1999 and December 20, 2000
.

Rocco P. Gesualdi, Jr., Susan M. Gesualdi, d/b/a Darlington Residential Care, and Margaret Bubis v. Zoning Board of Review of the City of Pawtucket, et al v. Maurice L. Caron, Sr. and Dorothy D. Caron v. Pawtucket Zoning Board of Appeals, Rocco P. Gesualdi, Jr., and Susan M. Gesualdi, No. 96-158 (Entered September 9, 1999)

Roger Williams Medical Center v. Barbara J. Desplaines, No. 99-126 (Entered September 9, 1999)

Roger Williams Medical Center v. Barbara J. Desplaines, No. 99-142 (Entered September 9, 1999)

Richard G. Chatowsky v. Hoffacker Company, No. 99-152 (Entered September 9, 1999)

Raytheon Company v. Susan Burdick, No. 99-154 (Entered September 9, 1999)

Raytheon Company v. Susan Burdick, No. 99-169 (Entered September 9, 1999)

Stephanie A. Niedzwiadek v. Joseph N. Laliberte, No. 99-170 (Entered September 9, 1999)

El Marocco Club, Inc. d/b/a Club Starzz v. Leo Fox, in his capacity as Finance Director/Treasurer of the Town of Johnston, the Town of Johnston, et al, No. 99-316 (Entered September 9, 1999)

State of Rhode Island v. Steven Assaiante, No. 99-381 (Entered September 9, 1999)

Jorge Rodrigues and Franklin Ogando Leonardo v. George Vose, Director of the Department of Corrections, No. 99-377 (Entered September 13, 1999)

In re: Grand Jury Subpoena, No. 97-423 (Entered September 30, 1999)

State of Rhode Island v. Roger E. Bruyere, No. 99-122 (Entered September 30, 1999)

Beverly M. Migliore v. Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, et al, No. 99-163 (Entered September 30, 1999)

Coventry Credit Union v. Alan Fox v. Subaru of America, Inc., et al, No. 99-199 (Entered September 30, 1999)

State of Rhode Island/AAC v. Sreng Kouch, No. 99-295 (Entered September 30, 1999)

Kenneth R. Patterson v. Jacqueline Miller, No. 99-362 (Entered September 30, 1999)

State of Rhode Island v. Eladio Mora Rivera, No. 99-363 (Entered September 30, 1999)

Louis Giuliano v. The Providence Journal Company, No. 99-426 (Entered September 30, 1999)

Patricia Lett v. The Providence Journal Company, No. 99-427 (Entered September 30, 1999)

Steven Santilli d/b/a The Emerald Room v. Leo Fox, in his capacity as Finance Director/Treasurer of the Town of Johnston, et al, No. 99-342 (Entered October 1, 1999)

Liberty Mutual Insurance Company v. Bartolo Tavarez, Administrator of the Estate of Bartolo A. Tavarez, No. 98-581 (Entered October 14, 1999)

Harbor Realty, LLC and Harbor Realty Marina, LLC v. Coastal Resource Management Council, et al., No. 99-138 (Entered October 14, 1999)

State of Rhode Island v. Daymon Jones, No. 99-330 (Entered October 14, 1999)

State of Rhode Island v. Daniel Ilacqua, No. 99-433 (Entered October 14, 1999)

The Clambake Club of Newport v. Coastal Resources Management Council, No. 98-599 (Entered October 21, 1999)

Richard D. Bennett and Thelma G. Bennet v. D'Ambra Construction Company, Inc. and the Providence Gas Company, No. 99-337 (Entered October 21, 1999)

Walter D. Needham v. State of Rhode Island Ethics Commission, No. 98-603 (Entered October 28, 1999)

Ernesto Javier v. Custom Design, Inc., No. 99-277 (Entered October 28, 1999)

State of Rhode Island/AAC v. G. Sky Tougas, No. 99-308 (Entered October 28, 1999)

Joseph L. Rowey v. Children's Friend and Service, et al, No. 99-466 (Entered October 28, 1999)

Joseph Caparelli v. Bechtel Corporation, No. 99-431 (Entered November 12, 1999)

Robert H.I. and Hope Goddard, et al, No. 99-352 (Entered November 12, 1999)

State of Rhode Island v. Damiann G. Crisafulli, alias John Doe, No. 99-332 (Entered November 12, 1999)

Omni Systems, Inc. v. Department of Labor and Training, Board of Review, No. 99-230 (Entered November 12, 1999)

Allan M. Shine, in his capacity as Permanent Receiver for the Rhode Island Share and Deposit Indemnity v. Edwards & Angell, a Rhode Island Partnership, et al, No. 99-462 (Entered December 20, 1999)

Anna Albanese v. State of Rhode Island/Administrative Adjudication Court, No. 99-254 (Entered January 7, 2000)

Alfred Levasseur v. Builders Square, Inc., No. 99-344 (Entered January 7, 2000)

Anna Balasco, et al v. Providence College, et al, No. 99-554 (Entered January 13, 2000)

Georgiann Magnani v. Cherry Hill Manor, No. 99-296 (Entered January 13, 2000)

David Heath v. A.T. Wall, No. 99-524 (Entered January 13, 2000)

Tiago Pacheco and Maria F. Pacheco, individually and P.P.A. Patricia Pacheco, a minor v. John J. Coughlin, M.C., Partners in Obstetrics and Cynecology, et al, No. 99-495 (Entered January 13, 2000)

Kenneth R. Patterson v. Jacqueline Miller, No. 99-362A (Entered February 3, 2000)

Kenneth Patterson v. Jacqueline Miller, No. 97-524 (Entered February 3, 2000)

Raytheon Company v. Ethel Cloud, No. 99-513 (Entered February 3, 2000)

Raytheon Company v. Ethel Cloud, No. 99-509 (Entered February 3, 2000)

State of Rhode Island v. Daniel M. Ilacqua, No. 99-406 (Entered February 3, 2000)

Salley Gravino and Tropics, Inc. d/b/a Club Tropics v. City of Warwick, et al, No. 99-305 (Entered February 3, 2000)

Coventry Health Center Continuum v. Christine J. Ferguson, No. 99-77 (Entered March 2, 2000)

Rosemary Pari v. State of Rhode Island, No. 99-182 (Entered March 2, 2000)

Aram Schefrin, Ltd v. Daren Davidson, No. 99-560 (Entered March 2, 2000)

Marc Gaulin v. Prospect Development, Inc., No. 99-416 (Entered March 20, 2000)

Linda J. Ross v. Robert P. Ross, No. 99-479 (Entered March 20, 2000)

State of Rhode Island v. Jacqueline Choquette, No. 99-471 (Entered March 20, 2000)

Pier House Inn, Inc. v. 421 Corporation, Inc., No. 99-101 (Entered April 14, 2000)

Kenneth Morin, Executor of the Estate of Madeline Morin, deceased v. Hartford Fire Insurance Company, Crum and Forster and Michael Klufas, M.D., No. 00-140 (Entered April 14, 2000)

Raymond Frizzell, Individually and as Coadministrator of the Estate of Jesse B. Frizzell, et al v. Town of Little Compton by and through its Treasurer, et al, No. 00-139 (Entered April 14, 2000)

Constance Coar v. John B. Prata, Jr. and J.B. Prata, Ltd., No. 99-456 (Entered April 14, 2000)

Bechtel Corporation v. Robert Jackson, No. 99-515 (Entered April 14, 2000)

City of Providence v. Robert Thompson, No. 00-156 (Entered April 20, 2000)

City of Providence v. Robert Thompson, No. 00-103 (Entered April 20, 2000)

Rosemarie Marra v. City of Providence, No. 99-292 (Entered April 20, 2000)

Bruno L. Giulini v. Pasquale Perri, in his capacity as Finance Director for the Town of Westerly, et al, No. 00-126 (Entered April 20, 2000)

Steven M. Clarke v. Robert DeRobbio, in his capacity as the Chairman of the Rhode Island Ethics Commission and The Rhode Island Ethics Commission, No. 99-420 (Entered April 20, 2000)

Marie Belrose v. The Arc of Northern Rhode Island, No. 99-310 (Entered April 20, 2000)

American Insulated Wire v. Jose Terceira, No. 99-522 (Entered April 20, 2000)

Ralph Shippe v. State of Rhode Island, No. 99-502 (Entered April 27, 2000)

State of Rhode Island v. Barbara Quigley, No. 00-167 (Entered April 27, 2000)

Sylvia Carolina Africano v. Frank R. Castelli, No. 00-110 (Entered April 27, 2000)

Sylvia Carolina Africano v. Frank R. Castelli, No. 00-155 (Entered April 27, 2000)

State of Rhode Island/Administrative Adjudication Court v. Joseph A. Rossi, No. 99-249 (Entered May 18, 2000)

Jean Baptista v. Rau Fasteners Co., LLC, No. 99-516 (Entered May 18, 2000)

Simon J. Richardson v. Dawn M. Richardson, No. 99-250 (Entered May 18, 2000)

Centrex Distributors, Inc. and Travelers Insurance Company v. Edna Poulin, in her capacity as Administrator of the Second Injury Indemnity Fund, No. 98-515 (Entered May 18, 2000)

St. Joseph Hospital v. Lee Arnold/Director of Department of Labor and Training, No. 98-485 (Entered May 18, 2000)

Jeffrey Forcelli v. Karen L. Dowd, as Administratrix of the Estate of Albert F. Dowd, Jr., and Mario A. Gabrielle, Jr., No. 00-118 (Entered May 25, 2000)

Church Life Insurance Corporation v. R.Gary Clark, Tax Administrator, No. 00-26 (Entered May 25, 2000)


Dianne M. Caldarone v. Oscar A. Caldaron, No. 00-335 (Entered August 21, 2000)


Adeline Lyons v. Warwick School Committee, No. 00-175 (Entered August 21, 2000)

Linda Masse v. Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, No. 00-173 (Entered August 21, 2000)

John P. Caito v. The Rhode Island Board of Registration for Professsional Engineers, No. 00-135 (Entered September 15, 2000

Sergio Defaria v. Okonite Company, No. 00-147 (Entered September 15, 2000)

Helen Amaral, Individually and as Executrix of the Estate of John Amaral, Jr., deceased v. Pride Chrysler-Plymouth, Inc., and Elio H. Lourenco, No. 00-227 (Entered September 15, 2000)

Virginia M. DiMattia v. Philip A. DiMattia, No. 00-223 (Entered September 15, 2000)

David C. McFarland, D.D.S. v. Daniel a. Jamgochian, No. 00-377 (Entered September 21, 2000)

State of Rhode Island v. Jeremy Motyka, No. 00-367 (Entered September 21, 2000)

Marjorie Zauderer v. Brown University, et al, No. 00-214 (Entered September 21, 2000)

In re Nheat N., No. 00-400 (Entered October 11, 2000)

TSSG vs. Joanne Faiola, No. 99-543 (Entered October 11, 2000)

Town of Foster vs. Lawrence Jacques, et al, No. 00-246 (Entered October 26, 2000)

Bess Easton Donut Flour Co., Inc. v. Zoning Board of Review of the Town of Westerly, No. 00-310 (Entered October 26, 2000)

Anna Tillinghast, d/b/a Bowdish Lake Camping Area v. The Town of Glocester, by and through its Treasurer and George Lewis, intervenor, No. 00-116(October 26, 2000)

Cumberland Farms, Inc. v. Town of Narragansett Zoning and Platting Board of Review, No. 00-263 (Entered October 26, 2000)

Kathleen Geezil v. Lawrence Dario, D.M.D., No. 00-176 (Entered November 2, 2000)

Mary E. Burns v. Warwick School Department, No. 00-150 (Entered November 2, 2000)

Probate Court of the City of Pawtucket, et al v. Francis M. McBride, et al, No. 00-301 (Entered November 20, 2000)

Thomas Sculco, et al v. Zoning Board of Review of the Town of Westerly, et al, No. 00-311 (Entered November 20, 2000)

Jorge Ulloa v. Narragansett Television, L.P., No. 00-353 (Entered November 20, 2000)

Isabel Afonseca v. International Packaging, Inc., No. 00-390 (Entered November 30, 2000)

Susan N. Rozzero v. Arthur E. Rozzero, No. 00-236 (Entered November 30, 2000)

Karly Rae Schweitzer v. Stephen V. Wilbert, et al, No. 00-392 (Entered November 30, 2000)

Jan Reitsma, in his capacity as Director Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, and Sheldon Whitehouse, Attorney General of the State of Rhode Island v. Pascoag Reservoir & Dam, LLC, No. 00-483 (December 15, 2000)

Ann M. Taylor v. Michael G. Taylor, No. 00-210 (December 21, 2000)

Deborah J. Choiniere v. Technic, Inc., No. 00-41 (December 21, 2000)

Anthony Martin v. North Providence School Committee, No. 00-454 (December 21, 2000)

Edward Gareau, Jr. d/b/a Bonnie and Clyde's Class B Liquor License Holder v. Jeffrey Greer, in his capacity as Acting Liquor Control Administrator, et al, No. 00-183 (December 21, 2000)

John Walter Garvin v. State of Rhode Island, No. 00-508 (December 21, 2000)